1.0 INTRODUCTION OF COMPANY
Our company known as ‘Agro Green Farm’ and we mainly produce and market the agriculture products. Our company consist of 6 members who take the fully responsibility to be an excellence agriculture industrial in Malaysia. Our main objective is to produce a good and healthy cereal and vegetables for Malaysian and also to breed the chicks as we know chicken is the main source of protein for Malaysians.
Beside Malaysia, we also have the vision to export our product around the world and be the well known company someday.
1.1 LOGO
1.2 MOTTO
GO GREEN, GO FRIENDLY which means we practice environmental friendly and serve our customers warmly.
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1.4 SCOPE OF BUSINESS
Our scope of businesses included:
1) Cereal planting such as corn
2) Leafy vegetable
3) Fruiting vegetable
4) Breeding of chick
5) Compost
2.0 INTRODUCTION OF PROJECT
2.1 SIZE OF LAND
The total size of the land that we have is 7M x 25M and it will be divided for 2 types of project which 115m2 of the land is for cereal planting such as corn and the rest of the land is for variety of vegetables like water spinach (kangkong), kailan, lettuce (salad) and brinjals.
2.2 MAIN PROJECTS
2.3 EXTRA PROJECTS
1) COMPOST
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Composting is a process where organic matter is decayed by microorganism in the presence of oxygen. The result of composing process gives benefit to environment in providing natural fertilizer for farming and agriculture.
Our company has made decision to make compost product in order to increase the company’s income. This is because compost product has many benefits such as
1. Help to save the environment by recycling organic resources
2. Decrease the fertilizer cost
3. Compost product has high market value
4. Maintaining soil moisture
Compost product is made from urea, limestone, mushroom media, cow dunk, dry leaves and dead organic matter. This process involved biological method which includes dry method, green method water and air. The advantage of this process is to produce high quality compost with low cost.
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2) Fertigation Method
Fertigation is an effective method of applying chemicals and fertilizers to crops via the existing irrigation system. It is a technique where fertilizer in liquid form is distribute to the root of the plant through drip irrigation. There are two major components in fertigation which are fertilizer and irrigation system. In this method we are using sand, coal dust and cocoa husk fiber as planting media instead of soil. Those media are put in a polybag or suitable size pots where the plant’s root can grow optimally.
Some of the advantages of fertigation include the following:
1. Allows fertilizer distribution to be as uniform as the water application.
2. Allows less fertilizer to be applied compare to other method.
3. Reduce the cost of labour, energy and equipment.
4. Eliminate the soil problem
5. Improved crop production (high yield)
The method of fertigation:
1. Prepare the dripper set (Dripper, Nipper and Microtube). Cut the microtube 18” (if pipe under polybag) or 24” (if pipe run between polybags)
2. Prepare the fertilizer tank.
i. Make 2 holes above water line.
ii. Attach the water pump with 16mm polypipe with OT Valve as picture below
3. Plan the layout of polypipe, either circulation (Square), Tee or just one line (I). In this case its T Shape. Attach the Dripper Set to polypipe.
4. We will test the water flow. Place dripper inside water cups. Run the water pump for 5 minutes, try to get 100ml.
Two options to get the best result:
a. adjust the OT Valve to control the water flow
b. Increase/reduce the time.
5. After testing, set the timer and place dripper inside the polybags. You can expand to add more bases on the polypipe layout and waterpump capacity.Fertilizer tank you can fill in anything, water only, AB Fertilizer or another type of liquid fertilizer.
i. Check water flow from time to time.You can see through the medium color and weight.
ii .Calibrate the waterflow, after sometime of usage.
3) Hydrophonics
Hydroponics is the cultivation of edible and ornamental plants in solution of water and dissolved nutrients. In this method, plants are provided with the nutrients required for growth by a nutrients solution which is simply water that’s has been enriched with dissolved essentials elements.
In hydroponics, a nutrient rich solution is fed directly to the plant roots. In some hydroponic growing systems an inert growing medium, such as perlite, rockwool or expanded clay pebbles is used in place of soil. These growing mediums are porous and absorb the nutrient solution, allowing the plants to use it as needed. The most common methods of hydroponic gardening include: Ebb and Flow, Drip, Nutrient Film Technique (NFT) and Passive System.
Advantages of hydroponics:
- Elimination of borne pest, fungi and disease.
- Easy to manage (less weeding) which eliminates the need of herbicides.
- Low labor cost
- Increased crop yield and shorter crop maturation cycle
Set up
1. The first important step in hydroponic gardening system is to decide the type and quantity of plants that you are planning to grow.
2. Prepare water hoses, air and water pumps, pipes and drums.
3. Dissolve the plant nutrients that are in the inorganic and ionic form, in water.
4. Depending on the plant type, make equidistant holes in the pipes.
5. Wash off all the soil from the saplings you intend to plant.
6. Carefully place the saplings in the water.
7. Check and add water whenever required. Purchase a Ph tester and CF meter to check the nutrient level in the water.
8. Ensure that your plants get enough sunlight and plenty of air too. Regularly check the roots, as they might rot and die. Keep away pests.
9. Once your vegetables grow, harvest them.
10. Clean out the entire system using copper and peroxide solutions, so that all bacteria is killed. Then repeat the process of growing your plants.
3.0 TYPES OF PLANTS
Our company has decided to plant Kailan, Brinjal, Water spinach, lettuce and sweet corn.
3.1 Kailan
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Kailan, also named Chinese broccoli or Chinese kale. Many people like the crunchy texture of this leavy vegetable with thick stem, but often complain its mild bitter taste, too. Kailan is a leaf vegetable featuring thick, flat, glossy blue-green leaves with thick stems and a small number of tiny, almost vestigial flower heads similar to those of broccoli. Kai-lan is eaten widely in Chinese cuisine, and especially in Cantonese cuisine. The reasons to plant this crop because kailan have high demand and good market price. Furthermore, kailan also is nutritious to us as contain vitamins and fibre.
3.2 Brinjals
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Brinjal is a delicate perennial often cultivated as an annual. The stem is often spiny. The flowers are white to purple, with a five-lobed corolla and yellow stamens. The fruit is fleshy, has a meaty texture, and is less than 3 cm (1.2 in) in diameter on wild plants, but much larger in cultivated forms.The fruit is botanically classified as a berry, and contains numerous small, soft seeds, which are edible, but have a bitter taste because they contain nicotinoidalkaloids; this is unsurprising as it is a close relative of tobacco. Studies of the Institute of Biology of São Paulo State University, Brazil, have shown eggplant is effective in the treatment of high blood cholesterol. The rational to plant this crop are contain very low calorie, high mortality rate and nutritious.
3.3
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Lettuce (Lactuca sativa) is a temperate annual or biennial plant of the daisy family Asteraceae. It is most often grown as a leaf vegetable. It is eaten either raw, notably in salads, sandwiches, hamburgers, tacos, and many other dishes, or cooked, as in Chinese cuisine in which the stem becomes just as important as the leaf. The lettuce plant has a very short stem initially (a rosette growth habit), but when it gradually blooms, the stem and branches lengthen and produce many flower heads that look like those of dandelions, but smaller. Lettuce plants should be grown in a light, sandy, fertile, humus-rich soil that will hold moisture in summer. For best eating quality, water is essential; the plants prefer the soil to be moist at all times. Hot, sunny, or dry conditions may cause the plants to turn bitter and produce a flower shoot, a process known as bolting. Vitamins in lettuce are plentiful. Fresh leaves are an excellent source of several Vitamin A and beta carotenes. Those are the reasons we plant lettuce.
3.4
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Water spinach is a semiaquatic, tropical plant grown as a leaf vegetable. It is known as phakbung in Thai and kangkung in Malay and Indonesian.Water spinach is a frost sensitive plant. Optimal temperatures for growth are between 75° and 85° F and chilling injury can occur below 50° F. Water spinach needs much more water than most other vegetable crops. This increased irrigation can leach out readily available nutrients, so it is recommended to use slow-release forms of fertility. The reasons to plant this crop because water spinach have high demand, good market price, low risk of disease and is a very nutritious vegetable and has many health benefits.
3.5 Sweet corn
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Sweet corn also called Indian corn, sugar corn, and pole corn is a variety of maize with a high sugar content. Sweet corn is the result of a naturally occurring recessive mutation in the genes which control conversion of sugar to starch inside the endosperm of the corn kernel. Unlike field corn varieties, which are harvested when the kernels are dry and mature (dent stage), sweet corn is picked when immature (milk stage) and prepared and eaten as a vegetable, rather than a grain. Since the process of maturation involves converting sugar to starch, sweet corn stores poorly and must be eaten fresh, canned, or frozen, before the kernels become tough and starchy. The reasons to plant this crop are the corn can produce in large quantity and easy to manage.
3.6 The rational for this decision is summarised as table below:
| No | Name of vegetable | Reasons |
| 1 | Kailan | 1) High market price 2) High demand 3) Good nutrition |
| 2 | Water spinach | 1) Easy to manage 2) Low risk of diseases 3) High demand and marketable |
| 3 | Lettuce | 1) High market 2) Good nutrition |
| 4 | Brinjal | 1) Very low calorie 2) Healthy nutrition 3) High mortality rate |
| 5 | Sweet corn | 1) Easy to manage 2) Produce in large quantity |
4.0 METHODS OF PLANTING
4.1 
METHOD OF PLANTING
a) Soil/Land Preparation
Before planting, soil must be thoroughly plowing, to weed, improvement the aeration and water absorbing for the better growth especially the root.
b) Plant
We selected good seeds. Planting will be making once the bounds was prepare accordingly.
c) Fertilization
Fertilization must be done to ensure the good quality of crops. Some plant need more than one times to fertilize such as corn and fruity vegetables.
d) Watering
All plants need water to growth. So, we will water our plant for at least two times daily. We will use sprinkle to help us in watering all plants.
e) Weed Control
For weed control, we use manual method as pull all the weeds around the plant.
f) Pest Control
Insecticides only being used if the crops be attacked by the pest.
g) Harvest
Crops will be harvested when its time using manual method (hands and knife). Then the crops can sell to the customers.
4.2 METHOD OF REARING CHICKEN
a) Cleaning the chicken coop
Pick up all the rubbish and put GML when want to wash the floor because we want to stable the pH of the cement. Then, let the floor fully dry before we can rear the chicken.
b) Distribution area
We have the chicken coop that can accommodate 200 chicks where we need to distribute the area with another company. Os we only have the area that can accommodate 100 chicks.
c) Receiving chicks
Once we receive the chicks, we will select the healthy chicks and make sure that the quantity of the chick is enough 100 chicks.
d) Brooding
The chicks must be kept warm and brooded during the first week of life. Light the brooders 24 hours before the chicks hatch or arrive. Determine if the brooders are working properly, and adjust the temperature to 90 to 95 °F below the outer edge of the brooder (1 inch above the litter). In time of stress or vaccination reactions, increase brooder temperatures about 5 ° above the recommended temperature until the chicks recover. Place an adequate number of feeders and waterers around each brooder. Provide at least two 1-gallon waterers and two 12-inch or 18-inch chick feeders for every 100 chicks. Feed placed on a few feeder lids or egg flats under each brooder encourages the chicks to start eating sooner.
e) Maintaining
The second week and ahead, we need to have proper care of the chicks. Every day, we need to feed and give enough water to the chicks. Make sure to check the chicken coop so that we can identify whether got unhealthy or sick chicken.
f) Slaughter
Once reach 45 days or the weight of the chickens reach 2kg, we can get ready to slaughter the chicken. We will make sure that we will practice proper slaughter techniques in Muslim.
g) Selling
Before we will slaughter the chickens, we will make sure that already have customer that order for the chickens.
h) Cleaning coop
After we finish sell all the chickens, once again we will clean the chicken coop for the second project or rearing chicken.
5.0 MARKETING
5.1 MARKETING STRATEGIES
We have decided to use several methods to promote and market our crops and poultry such as we promote through Facebook as this is the latest and most famous technology that being used by most people nowadays.
The second method that will be used is we will go to the market at Kuala Pilah to sell our crops and poultry in order to avoid the competition from others company and to get higher market price also.
The third method is we will promote and direct to sell our crops and poultry to the owners of cafeteria inside and outside of Universiti Putra Malaysia (UPM). This is because the owners of cafeteria will usually buy in large amounts. Besides that, we will direct sell our crops to the lecturers and staffs of UPM as they are the group of people that easy to reach and affordable to buy our crops and poultry.
5.2 TARGET
Our targets are included:
i) Lecturers and staffs of UPM
ii) Owners of cafeteria in UPM
iii) Residents of Kuala Pilah
iv) Public
6.0 COST ESTIMATION
The overall cost for this project showed in the table below:
| Assets | Price (RM) |
| FIXED ASSETS a) Land b) Sprinkler c) Chicken coop | 40.00 363.50 Nil |
| TOTAL | 403.50 |
| CURRENT ASSETS A) CROPS a) Seeds b) Fertilizers c) Labour d) Silvershine B) POULTRY a) Chicks b) Chicken feed c) Sawdust d) Feeder e) Waterer f) Canvas g) Electricity and water bill | 57.75 138.90 300.00 12.00 230.00 637.80 7.00 13.00 18.00 80.00 30.00 |
| TOTAL | 1524.45 |
| OVERALL TOTAL | 1927.95 |
More details calculation for every item is showed below.
A) Cost for sprinkler
Calculation for the water sprinkler system
| Item | Quantity | Calculation | Price (RM) |
| HDPE 32mm | 56m | 100m = RM250 1m =RM2.50 56m= RM2.50 X 56 = RM140 | 140.00 |
| HDPE 25mm | 24m | 100M = RM150 1m = RM1.50 24m = rm1.50 X 24m = RM36 | 36.00 |
| Ball Valve | 1 unit | 1 unit X RM15= RM 15 | 15.00 |
| Tee socket 32mm | 1 unit | 1 unit X RM12 = RM12 | 12.00 |
| Tee socket 25mm | 3 units | 1 unit = RM8 3 unit = RM8 X 3 = RM24 | 24.00 |
| Batang sprinkler (corn) | 2 units | 1 unit = RM27.30 2 unit = RM27.30 X 2 = RM54.60 | 54.60 |
| Batang sprinkler (vegetable) | 2 units | 1 unit = RM23.30 2 unit = RM23.30 X 2 = RM46.60 | 46.60 |
| White tape | 1 unit | 1 unit X RM0.80 = RM0.80 | 0.80 |
| Glue PVC | 1 | 1 X RM 12 = RM 12 | 12.00 |
| Wood 2’ X 2’ X 10’ | | | 16.50 |
| Socket elbow 25mm | 1 unit | 1 unit = 1unit X RM6 = RM6 | 6.00 |
| TOTAL | | | 363.50 |
Cost for 1 unit of corn sprinkler
| Item | Price (RM) |
| Sprinkler head | 8.50 |
| Nipple | 2.80 |
| Socket PVC female | 2.00 |
| Socket PVC male | 2.00 |
| Pipe PVC 6’ | 12.00 |
| Total | 27.30 |
Cost for 1 unit of vegetable sprinkler
| Item | Price (RM) |
| Sprinkler head | 8.50 |
| Nipple | 2.80 |
| Socket PVC female | 2.00 |
| Socket PVC male | 2.00 |
| Pipe PVC 4’ | 8.00 |
| Total | 23.30 |
B) Cost for crops
a) Seeds
| TYPE | QUANTITY ( GRAM) | PRICE (RM) |
| Kangkong | 1000 | 15.00 |
| Kailan | 500 | 24.00 |
| Sweet corn | 500 | 5.00 |
| Salad | 10 | 1.75 |
| Brinjal | 24 seedlings | 12.00 |
| TOTAL | | 57.75 |
b) Fertilizers
| TYPE | QUANTITY ( KG) | Calculation | PRICE (RM) |
| Chicken dung | 18.20 | 40KG=RM35 1KG=RM 0.875 18.2KG X RM0.875= RM15.90 | 15.90 |
| CIRP | 9.10 | 50KG=RM50 1KG=RM1 9.1KG= RM9.10 | 9.10 |
| GML | 9.10 | 50KG= RM12 1KG=RM0.24 9.1KG = RM2.20 | 2.20 |
| NPK GREEN | 13.12 | 50KG=RM87 1KG=RM1.74 13.12KG X RM1.74= | 22.80 |
| NPK BLUE | 24.60 | 50KG=RM87 1KG-RM1.74 24.6KG X RM1.74=RM42.80 | 42.80 |
| UREA | 23.52 | 50KG=RM98 1KG=RM1.96 23.52 X RM1.96= | 46.10 |
| TOTAL | | | 138.90 |
c) Others
| TYPE | QUANTITY ( GRAM) | CALCULATION | PRICE (RM) |
| Silvershine | 12m | 1m= RM0.50 12m X RM0.50= RM12 | 12.00 |
| Labour | RM1/hr | 1 person work 6 hour per day. Labour work = 2 persons X RM1 X 5 hours X 30 days = RM300 | RM300 |
| TOTAL | | | 312.00 |
The costs for the items calculated above based on the market price. We do not put any cost for the insecticides because the cost will vary according to the type of pest that attacks our crops.
C) Cost for chicken feed
The cost for the chicken feed is based on the information given by the Ministry of Agriculture. The table below showed the information of chicken feed.
Jadual 1. Berat badan, Pengambilan makanan dan Penukaran Makanan
| Type | Quantity (KG) | Calculation | Price (RM) |
| Broiler Starter Pellet | 15.1 | 50KG=RM98 1KG=RM1.96 15.1KG X RM1.96 = RM29.60 | 29.60 |
| Finisher Pellet | 313.5 | 50KG=RM97 1KG=RM1.94 313.5KG X RM1.94 = RM608.20 | 608.20 |
| Total | | | 637.80 |
The calculation:
7.0 INCOME ESTIMATION
Income estimation of vegetables
| Types | Quantity | Calculation | Weight (kg) | Sales (RM) |
| a) Kalian | RM 5/ 1kg | We estimated 1 seedbed can produce 1kg of kalian, so 2 seedbeds =2kg | 2kg x RM 5 | 10.00 |
| b) Water Spinach | RM 2/ 1 kg | 1 seedbed = 15kg 3 seedbeds = 45kg | 45kg x RM 2 | 90.00 |
| c) Lettuce | RM 5/ 1kg | 1 seedbed = 1kg 2 seedbeds = 2kg | 2kg x RM5 | 10.00 |
| d) Brinjal | RM 4/ 1 kg | 1 seedbed = 3kg 2 seedbeds = 6kg | 6kg x RM4 | 24.00 |
| e) Sweet corn | 10 cop/ RM 5 | Area: 115m2 We plant around 294 trees. 1 tree assume will get 2 cop. So, 294 x 2 = 588 cop. (* 20% corn is not in good condition) So, the corn in good condition is (80/100 x 588) = 470 cop | 470 cop/10 x RM5 | 235.00 |
| Total: | 369.00 | |||
· The costs of the items calculated above based on the market price.
Income estimation of chicken
| Types | Quantity | Calculation | Weight (kg) | Sales (RM) |
| Chicken | 95 tails | Assume weight of 1 chicken are 2kg. So, 2kg x 95 = 190kg | 190kg x RM 8.7 per kg | 1653.00 |
· The costs of the items calculated above based on the market price.
Income estimation of compost
| Types | Quantity | Weight (kg) | Sales (RM) |
| Compost | RM1 /1kg | 20kg x RM1 | 20.00 |
· The costs of the items calculated above based on the market price.
So, overall income estimation:
| Types | Quantity | Sales (RM) |
| Vegetables | | 369.00 |
| Chicken | 95 tails | 1653.00 |
| Compost | 20 kg | 20.00 |
| Total income: | 2042.00 | |
PROFIT ESTIMATION
| Details | Expenses | |
| Sales Vegetables Chicken Compost Cost of purchase CURRENT ASSETS C) Crop e) Seeds f) Fertilizers g) Labour h) Silvershine D) Poultry h) Chicks i) Chicken feed j) Sawdust k) Feeder l) Waterer m) Canvas n) Electricity and water bill Gross Profit FIXED ASSETS d) Land e) Sprinkler Net Profit | Credit 369.00 1653.00 20.00 57.75 138.90 300.00 12.00 230.00 637.80 7.00 13.00 18.00 80.00 30.00 40.00 363.50 | Debit 2042.00 -(1524.45) 517.55 -( 403.50) 114.50 |
8.0 CONCLUSION
We hope that this proposal will be the first step for us to go further in the agriculture sector. Through this project, we hope to build co-operation and trust between each of us. Lastly, through this project, we also gain new experiences and deeper knowledge of agriculture.
